Wow, have I had mixed feelings about feeding beet pulp over the years. On the one hand I have seen the feed do wonderful things with horses who need extra calories, energy and fiber to their nutritional programs. On the other hand, I have also witnessed horses who bloat up on the stuff (as opposed to gaining solid weight), get cresty and even sore footed.
So I have swung wildly between feeding beet pulp almost religiously, to swearing off the feed altogether. Today, I say I sit solidly in the middle of the fence on this one, my conclusion on the feeding of beet pulp being: "It depends on the horse."
Here's why:
THE GOOD POINTS:
Beet pulp is highly fermentable (meaning digestible), has a low Glycemic Index (meaning it does not cause blood sugar spikes), and provides lasting, slow-burning energy for a horse. The food is a by-product resulting form the extraction of simple sugars in the manufacturing of table sugar. Thus, the pulp often has little to no sugar left in it.
Neither a forage nor an energy feed, beet pulp ranks in at 10 percent protein and 18 percent crude fiber. Easily digested by most horses, beet pulp can be safely fed in large amounts to horses because the energy derived from beet pulp comes from soluble as well as insoluble carbohydrates ( as opposed to grain, which is highly soluble). For a really terrific explanation on the difference between the two, the myths and realities of beet pulp, and exactly how beet pulp is digested by horses, please visit Veterinarian Susan Garlinghouse's website and read her articles on beet pulp.
One of the reasons beet pulp works so well for hard working horses and for thin horses who need to gain weight is that dry beet pulp has the same calorie content as oats. Also, endurance riders love beet pulp for its slow burning energy and its famous ability to absorb nearly 5 times its weight in water -- an absolutely wonderful way to hydrate horses.
All of these factors, combined with the relatively low cost of feeding beet pulp -- a 50-pound bag costs $13 in rural Oregon -- makes this food a nice addition to many horses' nutritional programs.
HOWEVER, before you rush off to the feed store to stock up, there are some downsides to beet pulp that are important to consider.
THE BAD POINTS:
1.) Beet pulp is a refuse that is unregulated as feed for horses (as is virtually everything else for horses). Over the years I have found the following in bags of beet pulp: a bit of string; a part of a bone; and several small pieces of metal!
Please sift through the feed with your hands and your eyes.
2.) While pure beet pulp is naturally quite low in sugar, manufacturers very often add molasses to the shreds or pellets as a binder. Because it is a binder, the ingredient does not have to be listed on the label. Several people I know of have had their beet pulp test in at a sugar and starch content of more than 19 percent! (10 percent is the maximum recommended for Insulin Resistant horses.)
Thankfully, rinsing the beet pulp before soaking can very effectively reduce the sugar level. You will want to put the feed in a strainer and rinse until the water runs clear. This can take anywhere from 5 minutes to 45 minutes. Shredded pulp seems quicker and easier to rinse than the pellets. But I still have a warning: If you skip this step and soak the pulp only, know that you are driving any sugars into the feed.
3.) Due to the metal machinery that processes the beet pulp, and the dirt and dust that comes in off the fields with the beets, beet pulp is notoriously high in iron. (Metal and dirt are naturally high in iron.) Dr. Eleanor Kellon DVM and equine nutritionist, has done copious amounts of research on the negative effects of excessive iron in the equine diet. Iron, as Dr. Kellon teaches people, is an inflammatory with which most horses, especially I.R. horses, are already overloaded. Please click here to join the Equine Cushings Group that she facilitates. Once a member -- it's free -- you can go to the "Files" section of the site and look up her research on Iron Overload and Testing.
Just as with sugar, the only way to reduce the iron content in in beet pulp is to rinse it before soaking it as. I was tempted to skip this part of the regime with a non-I.R. horse who boards at Skode's -- until I learned that once a horse absorbs iron into his system, it is in his system for life.
So as you can see, feeding beet pulp really is a "it depends" kind of feed. It depends on whether your horse really needs it and whether you truly have the time to take the necessary time and precautions to feed it.
Professionally, I have decided not to include beet pulp in the treat repertoire of my company, Skode's Horse Treats Inc. For while using beet pulp as the base of our treats would have allowed us to provide a much cheaper horse cookie or horse treat -- beet pulp is a fraction of the cost of flax or specialty hays that Skode's use as the base of all its treats -- I felt the risk and resulting time factors involved in ensuring a high-quality product that relied on beet pulp, were far too high.
Personally, however, I do feed two out of three horses on my ranch regular beet pulp mashes. Robbie, our 30-year-old boarder, receives his mash twice a day, as beet pulp is the only way to keep him from becoming too thin (his older teeth can not adequately break down hay or grass). And Vashka, whom I am training for a 25-mile endurance ride this summer, also receives beet pulp with oats after conditioning rides. The combination feeds his muscles and gives him energy. Sunny, my Cushings horse, can not tolerate beet pulp -- he was chronically overdosed with NSAIDS before I met him and therefore is not able to tolerate highly fermentable food sources. Within 24 hours of eating beet pulp, Sunny develops loose stools and sore feet.
Be sure to check out the links in this story as you ponder your own decision about whether or not to feed beet pulp -- the two women referred to in this post are great resources to which you will want to avail yourself for years to come. Then, and perhaps most importantly, refer to your horse. He will tell you what he needs if you listen.
"SKODE"
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